Abstract:
The article reveals the meaning and essence of the concept of “speech etiquette”, its main characteristics, the connection with the concept of politeness, cultural-national specificity and parameters of discourse variability, which determine the process of speech interaction between communicators. It is noted that Ukrainian speech etiquette is a progressive and purely national phenomenon because it belongs to the native (mother) language and reflects the national character of the Ukrainian; his mentality is a mindset, a unique way of thinking and worldview. This category has basically become. However, the progress of society brings certain adjustments to it, in accordance with specific practical needs, aimed at further improvement and development. For example, the advent of radio, television, and telephone led to the need for appropriate communication etiquette for them. And yet the basis of speech etiquette is unchanged – the affirmation of correctness and friendly relations between people. It has been noted that Ukrainian speech etiquette includes nationally specific rules of speech behavior peculiar to Ukrainians, embodied in a system of stable formulas and expressions for situations of polite contact with the interlocutor accepted and proposed by society. Such situations include: addressing the interlocutor, attracting attention, greeting, introduction, gratitude, forgiveness, farewell, etc. It is emphasized that Ukrainian speech etiquette is distinguished by its uniqueness because it is based on its own national soil and imbued with the spirit of Europeanism. It reflects the gentle nature of Ukrainians, the inclination to correctness and tolerance in human relations, disdain for brutality. Swear words, which are sometimes resorted to by ignorant speakers, mostly of foreign origin. The conclusions indicate that it is important to learn well the factors that influence the choice of a verbal formula in a specific communicative situation: the factor of the addressee (his age, gender, etc.), communicative conditions (place, time, duration of communication), the nature of the relationship between interlocutors etc.
