Abstract:
Bronchial asthma is a polyetiological chronic recurrent respiratory non-infectious disease that is accompanied by inflammation and narrowing of the airways. The symptoms of the disease appear periodically and often worsen at night or after exercise. The factors that can cause an asthma attack also are dust, pollen or other allergens. Thus, it was found that the etiology of asthma includes an allergic component. The World Health Organization estimates that asthma affected 262 million people in 2019, including 5.1 million of children, and 461 thousand patients died because of this disease. Asthma is also the most common chronic disease in children [1]. This disease requires constant maintenance therapy to prevent seizures. In addition to significant treatment costs this nosology leads to economic losses due to early disability and its reduction, as well as early death among the working
population. Thus, this disease has significant social and economic importance. Therefore by identifying and eliminating or minimizing the impact of all possible development factors of this pathology we can reduce economic and human losses and can improve the prognosis and lives of millions of people around the world. As known about the hereditary predisposition of this disease and due to the significant development of genetics and various research methods, such as polymerase chain reaction, it became possible and natural to study and identify genes or their mutations which lead to the development of bronchial asthma. Among the many genes, including allergic component, the TNF-α gene was proposed as a candidate gene responsible for the development of asthma.
