Abstract:
Identification of the instrument of crime is one of the key issues
faced by experts. Examinations related to the use of firearms are particularly difficult, where, in addition to this, the issue is establishing the distance of the shot. For the most part, in developed countries, the solution to these issues is achieved through the use of controlled shots with subsequent analysis of the residual components of the shot. However, in addition to them, there are other physical evidences worth paying attention to, such as the specifics of clothing damage,
morphological characteristics of body damage, which should also be taken into account. The purpose of the study was to create models using step-by-step discriminant analysis for the identification of "Fort 12R" and "AE 790G1" pistols based on the features of the deposition of the gunshot residue and the features of damage to non-biological simulators of the human body and clothing. In order to achieve the goal, 120 gelatin blocks were made that imitated the soft tissues of the human body and were then covered with one of the types of clothing (cotton fabric,
denim or leatherette) or left bare. Shots were fired from "Fort 12R" and "AE 790G1" pistols in the conditions of a shooting range at close range, 25 and 50 cm with further analysis of damage to the block and clothing, laboratory determination of the residual components of the shot and calculations of the parameters of the temporary cavity. The obtained results were analyzed in the statistical package "Statistica 6.0".
Taking into account the specifics of damage to a non-biological human body impersonator and its covering elements in the form of clothing, data on the deposition of the residual components of a shot, reliable discriminant models were built that were correct in 77.5% of cases for identifying a gun and in 99.2% of cases for identifying the distance of a shot. The obtained results will facilitate the work of institutions that directly participate in the examination of gunshot injuries, in particular the bureau of forensic medical examination and scientific research expert
forensic centers under the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine.
