Abstract:
A comprehensive approach to gunshot injury during a forensic medical examination requires a comprehensive assessment of all discovered material evidence. The key area that needs the most attention is the gunshot wound, during the examination of which it is necessary to pay attention to such characteristics as the shape, the size of the injury, the features of the damage to the adjacent clothing, the presence of macro and microscopic traces of the residual components of the shot, etc. All of them together allow vessels to know the nature of the injury, the weapon that caused it and the distance of the shot. The least researched type of firearm from a scientific point of view is non-lethal firearms, the number and new types of which are increasing every year. In this regard, there is a need to study modern and widespread in Ukraine samples of non-lethal firearms. The purpose of the study was to establish the specifics of the correlations between the indicators of the distance of the shot and the type of clothing and the features of damage and residual components of the shot when using the "Fort 12R" and "AE 790G1" pistols. For this, a total of 120 gelatin blocks were produced, divided into four subgroups according to the covering material: bare blocks covered with cotton fabric, denim fabric with leatherette. In the future, the blocks were to be shot with a "Fort 12R" or "AE 790G1" pistol. The chromato-mass spectrometric method, infrared microscopy and X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy were used to identify the residual components of the shot. Transverse sections of the blocks were made at intervals of 1 cm with measurement of the indicators of the temporary cavity on each section according to generally accepted methods. Correlations were evaluated in the Statistica 6.1 license package. When firing from a pistol, both Fort 12R and AE 790G1, between the features of the shot distance and indicators of damage to clothing, a non-biological simulator of the human body, indicators of the deposition of residual components of the shot, numerous reliable average strength and strong correlations (r=-0.33 – -0.92) of the inverse strength and average strength direct (r=0.30 – 0.59) correlations were found; between the features of the cover of the non-biological human body simulator and the indicators of damage to clothing, the non-biological human body simulator, and the indicators of the deposition of the residual components of the shot, few strong feedback correlations (r=-0.78) and medium-strength direct correlations (r=0.31 –0.36) were established. The results of the correlation analysis made it possible to determine the most significant correlations between the indicators of the distance of the shot and the type of clothing and the features of damage and residual components of the shot both in the case of using the "Fort 12R" and "AE 790G1" pistols.
