Modeling of the linear dimensions required for constructing the correct dental arch form in young males and females with physiological occlusion, regardless of facial type, based on the characteristics of cephalometric parameters according to the Burstone

Abstract

Proper modeling of dental arch form is one of the key objectives of modern orthodontics, as it determines the stability of both functional and aesthetic treatment outcomes. Most existing approaches are based only on odontometric parameters or take into account facial type, which limits the accuracy of prediction. The use of cephalometric parameters according to the Burstone method combined with computed tomographic measurements of teeth makes it possible to integrate data from different levels, thereby providing a more reliable basis for dental arch modeling. This approach opens opportunities for individualized orthodontic treatment of young males and females with physiological occlusion and for improving its effectiveness. The aim of the study was to develop and analyze regression models of linear dimensions required for constructing the correct dental arch form in Ukrainian young males and females with physiological occlusion, regardless of facial type, depending on the characteristics of cephalometric parameters according to the Burstone method and computed tomographic tooth measurements. Based on the data bank of the Research Center and the Department of Pediatric Dentistry of the National Pirogov Memorial Medical University, Vinnytsya cephalograms (41 young males and 68 young females with physiological occlusion) were analyzed to obtain linear and angular measurements according to the Burstone method, while computed tomograms were used for morphometric assessment of teeth and dental arches. Regression models of the linear dimensions required for constructing the correct dental arch form, depending on cephalometric parameters and computed tomographic measurements, were built using the licensed software package “Statistica 6.0”. It was established that in males, all 18 possible significant models were constructed with a determination coefficient greater than 0.6 (R² ranging from 0.694 to 0.894, p<0.001), whereas in females only 10 significant models were obtained (R² ranging from 0.605 to 0.775, p<0.001). Analysis of the frequency of inclusion of computed tomographic tooth dimensions and cephalometric parameters into the regression models showed that in males the most frequent predictors were crown width in the mesiodistal plane (26.09 %) and in the vestibulo-oral plane (14.49 %), cephalometric parameters (18.84 %), and tooth length (13.04 %); while in females, cephalometric parameters (28.57 %), crown width and length in the mesiodistal plane (21.42 % and 9.52 % respectively), and tooth length (10.71 %) predominated. When analyzing the frequency of inclusion of individual teeth into the regression models, it was found that in males the most frequent were the maxillary and mandibular incisors (24.11 % and 20.53 % respectively), maxillary and mandibular premolars (16.07 % and 14.28 % respectively), and maxillary canines (10.71 %). In females, the most frequent were maxillary and mandibular incisors (43.33 % and 20.00 % respectively), mandibular canines, and mandibular premolars (11.66 % each).