Abstract:
The analysis of literature shows that there is no consensus on the volume and intensity of training loads for rowers during the preliminary basic training stage. In addition, the possibility of using various training modes, which take into account gender characteristics of young athletes, to improve the physical and functional preparedness of oarsmen during the preliminary basic training stage has not been sufficiently studied in scientific literature. The purpose of this study is the theoretical substantiation and development of canoeing training programs with different power supply modes, which are aimed at improving the physical and functional preparedness of athletes during the preliminary basic training stage. It is established that there are gender differences in how the aerobic and anaerobic training affects the physical and functional preparedness and the results of rowing competition exercises during the preliminary basic training stage. Training using the aerobic mode of power supply (with an intensity of 60% VO2max) proved to be effective only for females. Training using the stimulation of anaerobic (lactate) energy supply processes proved to be more effective in improving the physical/functional fitness and results in competitive exercises for male adolescents. Regardless of the athlete gender, training using a mixed mode of energy supply (aerobic-anaerobic and anaerobic-aerobic) more effectively improves the physical and functional fitness compared with training using the aerobic energy supply mode. Regardless of the energy supply mode and training method, exercises based on the developed programs, which take into account the internal load, do not disturb the functional state of the body, according to the results of electrocardiography, spirography and sphygmomanometry.
