STATE OF PREVALENCE OF ONCOUROLOGICAL DISEASES IN THE WORLD

Abstract

Oncological urological diseases are a group of malignant neoplasms that affect the organs of the genitourinary system, including the kidneys, bladder, prostate gland, testicles, and others. They constitute a serious medical and social problem due to high rates of morbidity, mortality, and frequent cases of disability of patients. These pathologies significantly reduce the quality of life of patients, require long-term treatment and constant supervision. Due to the progressive increase in the prevalence of oncological urological diseases in the world, an assessment of their global status is extremely relevant and necessary for the formation of an effective system of prevention, early detection, and treatment. The purpose of the work is to analyze the current state of the prevalence of oncological urological diseases in the world over the past ten years, taking into account regional characteristics and global trends. Materials and methods. The study conducted a systematic analysis of scientific literature over the past 10 years, contained in leading scientometric databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Publications related to epidemiology, demographic characteristics, and the dynamics of morbidity and mortality from onco-urological pathologies were evaluated. Results. The analysis showed that onco-urological diseases continue to show a growing trend in many countries of the world, especially in economically developed regions. The highest incidence rates are observed in prostate cancer, which is the leader among oncological diseases in men in North America and Europe. Bladder and kidney cancer also occupy a significant share in the overall structure of urological oncological diseases. At the same time, in low- and middleincome countries, a lower incidence rate is noted, but higher mortality, which indicates limited access to quality medical care. Conclusion. Onco-urological diseases remain an urgent global challenge for health care systems. Their prevalence is increasing, which requires further research, effective prevention programs, and improvement of the early detection system.