The role of practical classes in the formation of professional competencies of students at the department of pathological anatomy

Abstract

In modern medical education, practical classes play a key role in the formation of professional competencies of future doctors. This is especially true for such disciplines as pathological anatomy, which is the basis for understanding the mechanisms of disease development, diagnosis and choice of treatment tactics. In the context of the rapid development of medicine and growing requirements for the quality of specialist training, it is relevant to improve teaching methods that ensure not only the acquisition of theoretical knowledge, but also the formation of skills for their practical application. It is important to use interactive methods, modeling clinical cases and implementing digital technologies in teaching pathological anatomy, which allows to improve the quality of the educational process, make it more accessible and effective for students. In addition, constant updating of curricula and expansion of the practical component in the training of medical personnel is a necessary condition for the formation of competitive specialists. The purpose of the article is to analyze the importance of practical classes in the process of forming professional competencies of medical students at the Department of Pathological Anatomy, to identify effective approaches to their organization and to justify the need to expand practice-oriented training in modern medical education. Analysis of literary sources shows that the use of practice-oriented teaching methods significantly increases the level of knowledge acquisition by students, contributes to the development of clinical thinking and the formation of differential diagnosis skills. In particular, the integration of macro- and microscopic studies into the educational process allows students to more effectively understand the pathogenesis of diseases, establish morphological diagnostic criteria and correlate histological changes with clinical manifestations. One of the important approaches to learning is the use of digital technologies, in particular virtual microscopes, electronic learning platforms and simulation programs, which allow students to deepen their knowledge and improve practical skills in a convenient and accessible format. The importance of working with histological and pathological specimens is also emphasized, since it is the direct study of biomaterial that develops professional vision and diagnostic skills. The results of the analysis confirm that the combination of traditional and modern teaching methods contributes to more effective assimilation of the material, increases the level of practical training of students and prepares them for independent work in the field of medicine. The introduction of the latest technologies in teaching pathological anatomy allows not only to improve the quality of education, but also contributes to the formation of a comprehensive approach to the analysis of pathological processes in students. This, in turn, has a positive effect on their ability to make clinical decisions and apply the knowledge gained in future medical practice.