The essential genetic factors of muscle fiber adaptation

Abstract

Sport genetics is the science about factors which are essential in sport activities. Today it is possible to study the human genome due to the development of genetic facilities which allowed to determine adaptation in physical exercises, not only the predisposition of an individual to certain sports. Endurance, strength and speed are three criteria which form the base for the general evaluation of the athlete's potential. There are a lot of genes that are known today which are able to affect these characteristics. Furthermore, some gene mutations can be cause of body dysfunction which will lead to increased traumatism risk or early disability. Therefore, it is possible to predict the best types of sport activities according to the athlete`s genotype that will be adequate to person`s adaptive abilities and may help to avoid consequences, such as the injury, traumatical disability etс.