Use of mesenchymal stromal cells in the therapy of musculoskeletal disorders: a literature review

Abstract

The rapid advancement of methods for obtaining multipotent progenitor cells, known as mesenchymal stromal stem cells, from various human tissues and organs has driven progress in cellular therapy and regenerative medicine. This study aimed to review current scientific data on the use of mesenchymal stromal cells in the treatment of traumatic and orthopaedic disorders, providing clinicians with insights into the challenges and prospects of their clinical application. The sources of mesenchymal stromal cells, their characteristics, and their therapeutic effects on musculoskeletal disorders were analysed. These cells have been found to be applicable in both autologous and allogeneic forms due to their ability to differentiate into osteoblasts, chondrocytes, tenocytes, adipocytes, and other cell types, thereby promoting the regeneration of damaged tissues. Furthermore, mesenchymal stromal cells have been confirmed to exhibit paracrine activity by producing cytokines and growth factors, which contribute to their regenerative and regulatory effects both in vitro and in vivo.