Risk factors associated with cancer pathology

Abstract

The aim of the study is comparative assessment of the main risks of the global burden of cancer in the total burden of death. Materials and methods: A comparative assessment of the main risks of the global burden of cancer within the overall burden of deaths was carried out based on the data of the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD), data from the Center for Medical Statistics of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine, the National Cancer Registry of Ukraine. The methods of comparative analysis, systematic approach and system analysis, bibliosemantic and medical-statistical methods were used. Results: Higher attributable risk of death in most nosological forms of cancer among the population of Ukraine (bronchial, tracheal and lung cancer, laryngeal, pharyngeal, lip and esophageal cancer) have been observed. Behavioral factors at the level of Ukraine, compared to the world level, are characterized by significantly higher rates of attributable risk with regard to tobacco smoking (cancer of the larynx, pharynx, lower lip, esophagus) and alcohol consumption (pharynx, liver, lower lip). Environmental and occupational factors in Ukraine do not exceed the global exposure rates, and are lower for some cancer nosologies, namely bronchial, tracheal, lung and laryngeal cancer. Unlike global trends, metabolic factors prevail among the mortality risks of patients with liver, esophageal, uterine and kidney cancer in Ukraine. Conclusions: Behavioral, occupational, environmental and metabolic risk factors for cancer mortality have high attributable risk. Behavioral risk factors for cancer mortality have the most pronounced impact both globally and in Ukraine, and notably, for the majority of nosological forms of cancer in Ukraine mortality risks are higher compared to the global data.