Кафедра судової медицини та праваhttps://dspace.vnmu.edu.ua/123456789/432024-03-16T02:42:32Z2024-03-16T02:42:32ZWays of modeling a ballistic experiment for the needs of a forensic medical examination of a gunshot injuryPerebetiuk, A. M.Zubko, M. D.https://dspace.vnmu.edu.ua/123456789/64362024-03-12T08:50:42Z2024-01-01T00:00:00ZWays of modeling a ballistic experiment for the needs of a forensic medical examination of a gunshot injury
Perebetiuk, A. M.; Zubko, M. D.
One of the ways to perform forensic medical research in the gunshot injury examination section is to conduct situational, controlled ballistic studies, which help to understand the position of the shooter at the time of the shot, determine the distance, the angle of the shot and other circumstances of its execution. Also, simulation of gunshot trauma is the main way of obtaining new and reliable information for scientists in the field of criminology. Thus, a natural question arises - what is the best way to simulate a gunshot injury? What simulators of the human body can be used, and what are the advantages and disadvantages of each of them? What must be considered when modeling a gunshot injury? In order to solve these issues, a review of literary sources covering 10 years was carried out using keywords related to ballistics and human body simulators. As a result, up-to-date data on models of ballistic research were obtained and summarized. In articular, it was found that there are practically no publications dealing with the use of human cadaveric material - instead, almost all works are performed using a non-biological imitator of the human body (gelatine 10% or 20%) in combination with various types of skin of animal origin. The number of works that use mathematical, computer models of gunshot injury simulation is growing rapidly. However, there is still no model that would fully meet the main request of forensic experts, namely a complete imitation of the human body, which would include imitation of skin, subcutaneous
fat, muscle tissue, bones and internal organs. Most models cover only a few of the specified parameters. It is likely that computer models will be closest to the implementation of this task. There is an increasing number of works where a layer of clothing is taken into account when conducting ballistic research, as an obstacle that affects the final indicators. Thus, it is possible to draw a conclusion about the rapid evolution and significant changes that the field of forensic ballistics has undergone. Ballistic research models have largely become more complex and complicated, which in turn increases their reliability and the possibility of implementation in practical activities.
2024-01-01T00:00:00ZОглядова оцінка та можливості використання Ploucquet`s Test та Fodere`s TestЦиба, Р. С.Пастух, О. О.Мусієнко, Д. В.https://dspace.vnmu.edu.ua/123456789/62592023-09-08T12:12:54Z2019-01-01T00:00:00ZОглядова оцінка та можливості використання Ploucquet`s Test та Fodere`s Test
Циба, Р. С.; Пастух, О. О.; Мусієнко, Д. В.
Метою цієї публікації є оглядова оцінка проби Плачета та проби Фодера на основі даних іноземної літератури з бази PubMed. Для цього було проведено аналіз наукових статей представлених в базі PubMed за останні 20 років.
2019-01-01T00:00:00ZSpecifics of gunshot residue deposition when using “Fort 9R” and “Fort 17R” pistols at different distancesPerebetiuk, A. M.Kozlov, S. V.Gunas, I. V.Prokopenko, S. V.Sorokoumov, V. P.https://dspace.vnmu.edu.ua/123456789/62582023-09-08T12:29:53Z2023-01-01T00:00:00ZSpecifics of gunshot residue deposition when using “Fort 9R” and “Fort 17R” pistols at different distances
Perebetiuk, A. M.; Kozlov, S. V.; Gunas, I. V.; Prokopenko, S. V.; Sorokoumov, V. P.
Identification of the distance of the shot, the weapon of the shot, and other circumstances in the case of a gunshot injury are among the key issues facing the forensic medical expert and of greatest interest to law enforcement agencies. The world standard for answering such questions is the use of laboratory instrumental methods for the identification of the gunshot residue – microparticles
that fly out of the barrel of a weapon when a shot is fired. However, for the successful application of this knowledge in practice, it is necessary to perform preliminary experimental shootings. The least researched at the moment are samples of non lethal firearms, which, despite their name, can lead to lethal consequences and are becoming more and more common among the civilian population. The purpose of the study was to investigate the peculiarities of the deposition of the residual components of the shot when using the Fort 9R and Fort 17R pistols at contact range, 25 and 50 cm distances. A controlled ballistic experiment was performed in shooting range conditions on 120 gelatin blocks made according to the generally accepted method, which were subsequently covered cotton fabric, denim fabric, leatherette or left bare. The shots were fired from Fort 9R and Fort 17R pistols at contact range, 25 and 50 cm. After the shots, a chromato-mass spectrometric study and infrared microscopy on a combined IR-Fourier spectrometer were performed to detect gunpowder components and X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy to detection of
overlays of elements on the trace-receiving object. Statistical processing of the received data was carried out in the license package "Statistica 6.0". The obtained data indicate the existence of numerous reliable differences in the indicators of overlap on the trace-receiving object of lead, iron and zinc, which allows them to be used for the identification of the shot tool and the shot distance. In addition, specific features of the deposition of elements on different clothing materials and bare blocks were revealed, which are most evident in the analysis of blocks covered with leather substitute. Among trace elements, zinc has the greatest practical value, while copper has no practical value in the analysis of shots fired from Fort 9R or Fort 17R pistols. Residual components of gunpowder in the case of the use of these pistols are of limited value and have been detected in some cases when fired at contact range and 25 cm on bare blocks, blocks covered with denim or leatherette.
2023-01-01T00:00:00ZCorrelations of the indicators of the distance of the shot and the type of clothing with the features of damage and gunshot residue when using the Fort 12R and АЕ 790G1 pistolsKusliy, Y. Y.Gunas, I. V.Fomin, O. O.Lazarenko, Y. V.https://dspace.vnmu.edu.ua/123456789/62572023-09-08T12:35:18Z2023-01-01T00:00:00ZCorrelations of the indicators of the distance of the shot and the type of clothing with the features of damage and gunshot residue when using the Fort 12R and АЕ 790G1 pistols
Kusliy, Y. Y.; Gunas, I. V.; Fomin, O. O.; Lazarenko, Y. V.
A comprehensive approach to gunshot injury during a forensic medical examination requires a comprehensive assessment of all discovered material evidence. The key area that needs the most attention is the gunshot wound, during the examination of which it is necessary to pay attention to such characteristics as the shape, the size of the injury, the features of the damage to the adjacent clothing, the presence of macro and microscopic traces of the residual components of the shot, etc. All of them together allow vessels to know the nature of the injury, the weapon that caused it and the distance of the shot. The least researched type of firearm from a scientific point of view is non-lethal firearms, the number and new types of which are increasing every year. In this regard, there is a need to study modern and widespread in Ukraine samples of non-lethal firearms. The purpose of the study was to establish the specifics of the correlations between the indicators of the distance of the shot and the type of clothing and the features of damage and residual components of the shot when using the "Fort 12R" and "AE 790G1" pistols. For this, a total of 120 gelatin blocks were produced, divided into four subgroups according to the covering material: bare blocks covered with cotton fabric, denim fabric with leatherette. In the future, the blocks were to be shot with a "Fort 12R" or "AE 790G1" pistol. The chromato-mass spectrometric method, infrared microscopy and X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy were used to identify the residual components of the shot. Transverse sections of the blocks were made at intervals of 1 cm with measurement of the indicators of the temporary cavity on each section according to generally accepted methods. Correlations were evaluated in the Statistica 6.1 license package. When firing from a pistol, both Fort 12R and AE 790G1, between the features of the shot distance and indicators of damage to clothing, a non-biological simulator of the human body, indicators of the deposition of residual components of the shot, numerous reliable average strength and strong correlations (r=-0.33 – -0.92) of the inverse strength and average strength direct (r=0.30 – 0.59) correlations were found; between the features of the cover of the non-biological human body simulator and the indicators of damage to clothing, the non-biological human body simulator, and the indicators of the deposition of the residual components of the shot, few strong feedback correlations (r=-0.78) and medium-strength direct correlations (r=0.31 –0.36) were established. The results of the correlation analysis made it possible to determine the most significant correlations between the indicators of the distance of the shot and the type of clothing and the features of damage and residual components of the shot both in the case of using the "Fort 12R" and "AE 790G1" pistols.
2023-01-01T00:00:00Z