Наукові публікації каф. промен. діагностики, промен. терапії та онкології

Girth body dimensions in ukrainian men and women with multiple sclerosis

2025-12-08T11:33:34Z

Girth body dimensions in ukrainian men and women with multiple sclerosis Gunas, M.M.; Moskovko, G.S.; Zavrelovska, I.V.; Koliadenko, S.V.; Kordon, Yu.V; Ocheretna, O.L.; Strii, V.V. Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system, accompanied by a wide range of neurological disorders. Somatic characteristics of patients, in particular anthropometric indicators, can play a role in the clinical course of the disease and its prognosis. The study of body composition in patients of different sexes allows us to identify potential gender features that can be useful for a personalized approach to diagnosis and treatment. The relevance of the study is due to the need for a comprehensive understanding of the relationships between somatotypological parameters and neurodegenerative processes. The aim of the study is to establish the characteristics and gender differences in body circumference dimensions in young Ukrainian men and women with multiple sclerosis with varying degrees of disability. Body circumference dimensions were determined in 35 Ukrainian men and 59 young women with multiple sclerosis with mild, moderate and moderately severe impairments. The initial body circumference dimensions of 82 practically healthy Ukrainian men and 101 women of similar age were taken from the data bank of the National Pirogov Memorial Medical University, Vinnytsya Research Center. Statistical analysis was performed in the “Statistica 6.0” license package using non-parametric evaluation methods. When comparing body circumference dimensions between practically healthy men or women and those with multiple sclerosis, numerous significant or trends in differences were established: in all groups of sick men and women – larger values of the circumferences of the forearm and lower leg and foot; in all groups of male patients – larger values of the upper arm circumference; in all groups of patients and women – larger values of the hand, waist and chest circumferences on exhalation; in most groups of male and female patients – larger values of other girth sizes of the upper, lower limbs and trunk. Between male or female patients with multiple sclerosis, numerous significant or trends of differences were established only for the girths of the upper limb and trunk in men (smaller values in patients with moderate disorders compared to mild and moderately severe disorders). Between male and female patients with multiple sclerosis, pronounced manifestations of sexual dimorphism of all girth sizes of the upper limbs and trunk were established (significantly larger values in male patients of the general group, with mild and moderately severe disorders).

Histological changes in the adrenal glands of rats one hour after exposure to the venom of Leiurus macroctenus scorpions

2025-12-07T20:18:06Z

Histological changes in the adrenal glands of rats one hour after exposure to the venom of Leiurus macroctenus scorpions Kobzina-Didukh, D. S.; Fomina, L. V.; Tiron, O. I.; Galunko, G. M.; Sprut, O. V.; Vasenko, T. B.; Hrynchak, N. M. The venom of scorpions of the genus Leiurus is considered among the most dangerous of known animal toxins, as its action can lead to severe systemic disorders and a high risk of fatal outcomes. The complex of biologically active substances that make up the venom is capable of aﬀecting multiple target organs, including the cardiovascular, respiratory, and nervous systems. Particular attention is given to the impact of the toxin on endocrine glands, which play a key role in the formation of stress responses in the body. At the same time, morphological changes in such an important organ as the adrenal glands remain insufciently studied, which highlights the need for further research in this area. The aim of the study was to determine the morphological changes in the adrenal glands of rats one hour after exposure to the venom of Leiurus macroctenus scorpions. Laboratory rats were divided into two groups: a control group (n=5), which received a single intramuscular injection of 0.5 ml of physiological saline, and an experimental group (n=5), which received a single intramuscular injection of 0.5 ml of Leiurus macroctenus venom. One hour after venom administration, the experimental rats were euthanized, and the adrenal glands were removed for subsequent histological analysis. After fxation in neutral formalin solution, standard dehydration was performed followed by parafn embedding. Histological sections 4-5 μm thick were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and using the Azan Trichrome method. For a more detailed study of cellular structures, semithin sections 1-2 μm thick were prepared and stained with methylene blue. Microscopic analysis was carried out using a light microscope at magnifcations of ×100 and ×400. Morphological analysis of the adrenal glands of rats one hour after inoculation with Leiurus macroctenus venom revealed pronounced vascular and cellular disturbances. In the cortical substance, dilation of small vessels, their deformation, and congestion with erythrocyte aggregation were observed. The zona fasciculata appeared the most vulnerable, showing signs of edema, disorganization of cellular structures, and karyopyknosis in the nuclei of endocrinocytes. In the zona glomerulosa, changes in nuclear shape and a chaotic distribution of heterochromatin were noted, suggesting damage to protein components of the karyoskeleton. The cytoplasm of endocrinocytes was flled with lipid inclusions, and cell boundaries became indistinct. In the zona reticularis, vascular disorders predominated, although the cells maintained a relatively preserved architecture. The medulla remained without signifcant pathological changes. Alterations in the capsule and interstitium confrmed the systemic nature of adrenal gland injury. Thus, Leiurus macroctenus venom induces early microcirculatory and cellular disturbances in the adrenal cortex, most pronounced in the zona fasciculata, while the medulla remains intact. The observed changes indicate a zonal specifcity of the toxic eﬀect

Особливості стресового реагування здобувачів вищої медичної освіти в умовах воєнного часу

2025-12-06T15:54:04Z

Особливості стресового реагування здобувачів вищої медичної освіти в умовах воєнного часу Белов, О. О.; Маркова, М. В.; Новицький, А. В.; Дроненко, В. Г.; Марков, А. Р.; Belov, O. O.; Markova, M. V.; Novytskyi, A. V.; Dronenko, V. H.; Markov, A. R. Вивчено особ ли вос ті стресового реагування 167 здобувачів вищої медичної освіти з різними ступенями психосоціальної дезадаптації (ПДА). Встановлено підвищені показники виразності посттравматичної симптоматики у студентів без ознак ПДА і високі показники у студентів з окремими ознаками ПДА та з оформленою ПДА з аналогічними закономірностями за симптоматикою вторгнення, симптоматикою уникання та симптоматикою провини. Ознаки клінічно оформленого посттравматичного стресового розладу (ПТСР) виявлені у 6,0 % обстежених, окремі симптоми ПТСР — у 22,1 %. Студентам без ознак ПДА були притаманні низькі рівні реактивної тривожності, з окремими проявами ПДА — помірні рівні, з оформленою ПДА — помірні, близькі до високих. У здобувачів вищої медичної освіти без ознак ПДА виявлено нормальний рівень тривожності за шкалою самооцінки психічних станів H. Eysenk, у здобувачів з окремими ознаками ПДА — помірний рівень, у здобувачів з оформленою ПДА — помірний, близький до високого, рівень. Аналогічні закономірності виявлені для фрустрації та ригідності: у здобувачів без ознак ПДА і з окремими ознаками ПДА виявлено низький рівень фрустрації та ригідності, а у здобувачів з оформленою ПДА — помірний рівень фрустрації та ригідності. Здобувачам без ознак ПДА та з окремими ознаками ПДА був притаманний помірний рівень агресивності, а здобувачам з оформленою ПДА — низький рівень. Кореляційний аналіз виявив наявність значущих (p < 0,01) зворотних кореляційних зв’язків показника адаптивності з показниками виразності ПТСР (rS = –0,495), симптоматики вторгнення (rS = –0,551), симптоматики уникання (rS = –0,465), симптоматики провини (rS = –0,254), реактивної тривожності (rS = –0,735), тривожності (rS = –0,724), фрустрації (rS = –0,618) та ригідності (rS = –0,384). The features of the stress response of 167 medical students with various degrees of psy chosocial maladjustment (PM) were studied. Increased indicators of expressiveness of post traumatic symptoms were established in students without signs of PM and high indicators in students with separate signs of PM and with expressed PM. Similar patterns was detected in the symptoms of invasion, avoidance symptoms and symptoms of guilt. Signs of clinically defined post-traumatic stress disorder were found in 6.0 % of those examined, separate symptoms of PTSD — in 22.1 %. Students with no signs of PM were characterized by low levels of reactive anxiety, with separate signs of PM — moderate levels, with expressed PM — moderate, close to high level. A normal level of anxiety according to self-assessment of mental states scale (H. Eysenk) was found in students with no signs of PM, a moderate level — in students with separate signs of PM, in students with expressed PM the level is moderate, close to high ). Similar patterns were found for frustration and rigidity: students with no signs of PDA and with separate signs of PM has low levels of frustration and rigidity, and in students with expressed PM — a moderate level of frustration and rigidity. Students with no signs of PM and with separate signs of PM had a moderate level of aggressiveness, and applicants with an expressed PM had a low level. Correlation analysis revealed the presence of significant (p < 0.01) inverse correlations of the adaptability indicator with PTSD expressiveness indicators (rS = –0.495), intrusion symptoms (rS = –0.551), avoidance symptoms (rS = –0.465), guilt symptoms (rS = –0.254), reactive anxiety (rS = –0.735), anxiety (rS = –0.724), frustration (rS = –0.618) and rigidity (rS = –0.384).

Conflicts of interest in healthcare: Legal problems and prospects of improvement

2025-12-06T15:14:40Z

Conflicts of interest in healthcare: Legal problems and prospects of improvement Shevchuk, O. M.; Rzhevska, O. O.; Myroshnikova, A. Ye.; Smiyukha, O. A.; Lysodyed, O. V. Aim: To study the problems of the legal regulation of conflicts of interest in the healthcare field in Ukraine and to propose directions for improving national legislation. Materials and Methods: The methods of theoretical analysis, system-analytical, and comparative-legal methods provided us with the opportunity to characterise the features of the legal regulation of preventing conflicts of interest in the area under study. Results: It is proposed to amend anti-corruption medical legislation on issues of conflict of interest in the healthcare sector. In particular, the need to introduce into legislative circulation the category and its interpretation of “conflict of interest in the healthcare sector” and “imaginary conflict of interest in the healthcare sector” is indicated. It is also proposed to introduce, at the legislative level, both oral and written forms of notification of conflict of interest, and to separately determine the procedure for electronic notification in this area. Additionally, a special register of notifications of conflict of interest in the area under study should be created. Conclusions: An unresolved conflict of interest in the healthcare sector may indirectly limit the exercise of a person’s right to healthca.